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Instructional Efficiency
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• Instructional efficiency associated with implementation of an instructional unit can be estimated by examining changes in student ability compared to a measure of expected growth. For example, a pretest given prior to unit instruction and a benchmark assessment administered upon unit completion would provide the necessary data to estimate unit efficiency.
• Expected growth may be determined by regressing student ability on time measured in days or months. A dependent samples t-test may then be implemented to test the hypothesis that observed growth measured by the difference between the posttest and pretest means is significantly different than the expected growth constant. (Johnson, 2013).
• If observed growth is significantly less than expected growth, a finding of “expected growth not maintained” is assigned to the result. Instruction is classified as inefficient in this case.
• If observed growth is significantly greater than expected growth, a finding of “expected growth exceeded” is assigned. Instruction is highly efficient in this instance.
• If observed growth is not significantly different from expected growth, a finding of “expected growth maintained” is given.
Given this finding, instruction may be classified as adequately efficient.
• To relate the results to the mastery of standards targeted for instruction in the unit under examination, pretest and posttest mastery probabilities for the standards being taught may be estimated using Item Response Theory (IRT). The variables required to obtain the estimates include student pretest and posttest ability scores and item parameter estimates such as item difficulty and item discrimination for items aligned to the standards covered in the unit.
• For example, suppose that the average probability of mastering the standards covered in a given unit is .52 at the start of instruction and .93 after the dialog has been completed by the students in the class. In this example, the probability of standards mastery has increased by .41.
• Note that the probability of mastery at the beginning of instruction is approximately .5. This suggests that the students were ready to learn the material covered in the dialog prior to instruction. The value of .93 indicates that the students
were highly successful in mastering the material covered in the unit.
• By contrast, suppose that the initial mastery probability was .85. This would suggest that the unit was too easy for the average student receiving instruction. Under these conditions, a change in curriculum content would clearly be warranted.
By contrast, suppose that initial instruction resulted in a finding of “expected growth not maintained.” Under these conditions, further instruction would be justified.
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RadEditor - HTML WYSIWYG Editor. MS Word-like content editing experience thanks to a rich set of formatting tools, dropdowns, dialogs, system modules and built-in spell-check.
| RadEditor's components - toolbar, content area, modes and modules |
| | | |
| Toolbar's wrapper | | | | | |
| Content area wrapper | |
| RadEditor's bottom area: Design, Html and Preview modes, Statistics module and resize handle. |
It contains RadEditor's Modes/views (HTML, Design and Preview), Statistics and Resizer
| Editor Mode buttons | Statistics module | Editor resizer |
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| RadEditor's Modules - special tools used to provide extra information such as Tag Inspector, Real Time HTML Viewer, Tag Properties and other. | |
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RadEditor - HTML WYSIWYG Editor. MS Word-like content editing experience thanks to a rich set of formatting tools, dropdowns, dialogs, system modules and built-in spell-check.
| RadEditor's components - toolbar, content area, modes and modules |
| | | |
| Toolbar's wrapper | | | | | |
| Content area wrapper | |
| RadEditor's bottom area: Design, Html and Preview modes, Statistics module and resize handle. |
It contains RadEditor's Modes/views (HTML, Design and Preview), Statistics and Resizer
| Editor Mode buttons | Statistics module | Editor resizer |
| |
|
|
| RadEditor's Modules - special tools used to provide extra information such as Tag Inspector, Real Time HTML Viewer, Tag Properties and other. | |
| | | |
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